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FieLtp CoL_uMBIAN MuSEuom. 
PusiicaTion No. 114. 


GEOLOGICAL SERIES. VoL. II, No. 9 


HYPSOCRINUS, A NEW GENUS OF 
CRINOIDS FROM THE | 
DEVONIAN. 


BY 
FRANK SPRINGER 
AND 
ARTHUR WARE SLOCcomM, 
Assistant in Paleontology 


OLIVER CumMMINGS FarrINGToN, Ph. D. 
Curator, Department of Geology. 


20 W906 


~~ 


Cricaco, U; Si A, 


June 1, 1906. 


HYPSOCRINUS, A NEW GENUS OF CRINOIDS FROM THE 
DEVONIAN. 


BY FRANK SPRINGER AND ARTHUR W. SLOCOM. 


Among the fossils collected by the junior author from the Hamilton 
shales, at Bethany, New York, was a Crinoid, which was found in 
the railway cut about one and one half miles west of the station of 
East Bethany. This locality is more fully described in another 
paper.* As this Crinoid, a single specimen of which was found, did 
not seem referable to any known genus, it was submitted to the 
senior author for his opinion, and as a result of his examination, it 
was deemed advisable to describe and illustrate it under our joint 
names. A very pronounced asymmetry, marked by a very, unequal 
gibbosity at one side, induced at first the suspicion that the specimen 
might be abnormal. But it was found on examination to be in a re- 
markably fine state of preservation, the surface being in perfect con- 
dition, free from matrix, so as to show all its characters most clearly, 
without any artificial cleaning. Every suture was distinct and well 
marked, so there could be no doubt of the exact arrangement of the 
calyx plates. This being so, the question arose, if it is an abnormal 
specimen, to what species or genus does it, or might it, belong? No 
answer could be found to this question, and we have therefore con- 
cluded that the only proper course is to propose a new genus for its 
reception. The specimen is unique, nothing at all approaching it 
having ever been found, to the knowledge of the authors, in the 
Hamilton collections that have been made at various localities in 
this country, or in equivalent rocks in Europe. We hope that col- 
lectors will be on the look-out for it hereafter, and that if other speci- 
mens should come to light, we may be informed of the fact. 


HYPSOCRINUS gen. nov. 


(5¢x, high, zptvov, lily.) 
An inadunate, monocyclic Crinoid, with two or more compound 
radials. Basals five. Radials five, of which the right posterior, 


* Field Columbian Museum Publication, Geological series, Vol. II, p. 258. 


267 


268 Fietp CoLtumB1AN MuseEumM—GEo oey, Vot. II. 


right anterior, and perhaps anterior, are compound, — the first two 
bisected transversely, and the last, if at all, obliquely. No anal plate 
in the dorsal cup, but the lower segment of the right posterior radial 
probably is the radianal. Radial facets shallow, concave, filling the 
greater part, but not all, of the distal face of the radials. Arms simple, 
non-pinnulate. Tegmen unknown. 

This genus belongs to a little group of irregular, Inadunate Cri- 
noids, represented by Pisocrinus in the Silurian, and Triacrinus, 
Haplocrinus and Calycanthocrinus in the Devonian, having a mono- 
cyclic base, and one or more compound radials divided by trans- 
verse bisection. They belong to the group called Larviformia by 
Wachsmuth and Springer, Larvata by Jaekel, and Monocyclica Inad- 
unata by Bather. Our genus differs from Pvrsocrinus, Triacrinus, 
and Haplocrinus in the character of the radial facets, which, instead 
of occupying a small, squarely mortised socket in the middle of the 
plate, are broad, shallow, and fill a large part of the distal face of 
the radial. This alone, and there are others beside, is a good generic 
distinction. Calycanthocrinus has somewhat similar radial facets, 
but represents a modification on another line, having several small 
supplementary arm-bearing radials in addition to the regular five, 
perhaps produced by a vertical bisection at the corners of the larger 
radials. 

The genus Phimocrinus Schultze, from the Devonian of the Eifel, 
and elsewhere in Europe, is perhaps the one with which the most 
interesting comparison may be made. It is of similar elevated form, 
with five elongate basals, and five elongate, arm-bearing radials, 
which, as defined by Schultze, are regular in form.* The genus has 
been classed with the Symbathocrinide. In 1882, M. D. Oehlertt 
described and figured from the Lower Devonian of Sable, Depart- 
ment of La Sarthe, a new species, Phimocrinus joubertt, having 
the regular five basals, and five equal radials of the genus. 
But in the description the author states that he observed, on 
the two radials to the right of the anal side, and the second radial 
to the left of it, (j.e., the r. post., r. ant., and 1. ant. RR), and at 
about two thirds of their height, a light.and very distinct transverse 
groove, dividing these plates into two unequal parts; and he ex- 
presses the opinion that this groove marks the anchylosis of two 
pieces which were separate in the young stage. These transverse 
marks are faintly shown on Oehlert’s figures (Pl. VIII, Fig. 1, 1a, 
‘rb); but there are in the collection of the senior author, two speci- 


* Mon. Echin. d. Eifler. Kalks., p. 20. 
t Buti. Soc. Geol. de France, 3me ser. t. X, p. 353. 


JUNE, 1906. Hypsocrinus — SPRINGER AND SLOCOM. 269 


mens of this species, from the same locality as Oehlert’s, which show 
them very plainly, not as actual sutures, but rather as lines of 
anchylosis. So it is evidently a constant character. The trans- 
verse bisection of the radials by the sutures represented by these 
lines would produce compound radials in the same rays in which 
they occur in Haplocrinus, Heterocrinus, and similar forms. This 
species, therefore, represents a form which in its younger stage would 
have fallen into the same group of irregular crinoids as our genus, 
but in which, by growth during life, the compound radials were 
eliminated, and the Crinoid modified into a regular form. Phimo- 
crinus has straight radial facets, filling the entire distal face of the 
radials, and the arms articulate on a linear hinge line. | 


HypsocrRINUS FIELDI sp. nov. Pl. LXXXI, Figs. 1-6. 


Calyx elongate, cylindrical, slightly expanding to the arm bases. 
Base truncate; basal facet broad, slightly concave, entirely filled by 
the column; axial canal stellate or pentagonal, interradial in posi- 
tion. Basals very elongate, forming two-fifths to half the height 
of the cup. Radials, three large and two small, all arm-bearing; 
the two smaller ones short, wider than high, separated from the 
basals by three much more elongate infer-radials, one of which is 
directly beneath the right posterior radial, and represents the 
radianal; the other two are for the most part directly under the 
right anterior radial, whose lower margin meets them by an obtuse 
angle, but in part obliquely under the left lower corner of the 
anterior radial, meeting it by a curved suture; the other three 
radials are large and elongate plates. Arm facets very shallow, 
curved, not entirely filling the distal face of the radials, but leaving 
short, sloping shoulders between, which are rounded off exteriorly, 
but probably formed a support for oral plates in the tegmen. Arms 
simple, uniserial, tapering rapidly, and doubtless very short. No 
trace of a dorsal canal in radials or brachials. Anal structures and 
tegmen unknown. Surface smooth; calyx plates slightly rounded, 
and sutures distinct. Stem unknown; but it was large at the proxi- 
mal end, as the radiate markings of its articulation are visible to the 
edge of the basal facet. 

Horizon and Locality: Devonian; Hamilton group. Found near 
East Bethany, New York. 

The specific name is in memory of Marshall Field, the founder of 
the Field Columbian Museum, where the type specimen is deposited. 

Remarks. In the foregoing description we have found it neces- 
sary to guard against the insertion of some details, which are appar- 


270 Fizrtp CoLumBiANn MuseuM—GeEo.oey, Vot. II. 


ent enough in the figures, but which may possibly be due to indivi- 
dual variation, or abnormal development. The form and distribu- 
tion of the compound radials differ from those observed in any of 
the other genera of this group in the presence of two large plates 
underneath the superior part of one radial, so that we have appar- 
ently three infer-radials, with only two super-radials. The space 
occupied by one of these in the calyx wall is enough to account for 
the lateral bulging which gives its unsymmetrical form. Having 
but the one specimen, we cannot tell whether this feature is constant 
or not, and the specific and generic definitions do not depend upon 
it. As asymmetry is a frequent character in this group, however, 
there is no inherent improbability that the same construction will 
be seen in other specimens, if such are found. We give for compar- 
ison diagrams of Pisocrinus and Haplocrinus, the two genera nearest 
related to this structurally, (Pl. LXXXI, Figs. 7 and 8). 

Pisocrinus has two short super-radials, which rest upon one large 
infer-radial in common. Haplocrinus has three short super-radials 
each with its corresponding infer-radial. Our crinoid has two short 
super-radials, one connected by a transverse suture with its infer- 
radial, while the other is angular below, and meets the upper sloping 
faces of the two infer-radials. If now we examine the diagram of 
Haplocrinus (Fig. 8) we will see that the right anterior super-radial 
is angular below, and meets by one side an upper sloping face of the 
infer-radial below it, and by the other a corresponding sloping face 
of the anterior radial, which is one of the two largest plates in the 
calyx. Ifa portion of this anterior radial were cut off by a curving 
suture, as indicated by the dotted line in the diagram, it would give 
a construction substantially the same as that of our genus in this 
respect, viz: two short super-radials supported by three infer-radials. 
In view of the other pronounced differences in the composition of 
the calyx, such a modification of the radial structure of Haplocrinus 
may well have become constant in our form. 

A few of the arm plates have fallen in over the summit of the cup, 
and are thus preserved. They are restored to position in the diagram 
(Fig. 6). The first brachial of the left posterior ray is wanting, but 
jts position is indicated by dotted lines. It will be observed that 
the right posterior radial has a smaller facet, and bears a smaller 
arm than the others. It is probable that the arms were very short, 
with but few more brachials than remain in the right anterior ray. 

We cannot be absolutely certain that the orientation of the calyx 
here given is correct, as we do not know the position of the anus. 
It agrees with what we know of the relative positions of the com- 


JuNE, 1906. Hypsocrinus—-SPRINGER AND SLOcOM. 271 


pound radials in Pisocrinus and Haplocrinus, and we see no reason 
for thinking any other arrangement preferable. A peculiar fact, 
which we have also omitted from the specific description, is that 
the posterior basal is much larger than any of the others, and is en- 
larged in such a way as to be actually radial in position, instead of 
inter-radial, as basals normally are. 

We have not been able to ascertain anything of the construction 
of the tegmen. We attempted to remove some of the overlying 
brachial plates for that purpose, but they were found to be so firmly 
cemented by pressure, that the only result was fracture of these 
plates along the cleavage planes of the calcite, without revealing the 
structures underneath. The tegmen is clearly not an elevated pyra- 
mid like that of Haplocrinus, but beyond this, no opinion can be 
ventured with our present knowledge. 


# 


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FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM. GEM sy; YOu. 11., PLATE LCXXX1, 


~ 


Sialnios Wisieweg’ a) 
etoitizog evitsle1 19qoTq nied? ai ib hoon ets yout tud ,2esm 
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oF X 
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ae ee ‘ 


EXPLANATION OF PLATE LXXXI. 


HyYPpsocrRINUS FIELDI, 0. sp. 


Fig. 1. Lateral view of calyx, from right posterior ray. 


eé 


WP w wv 


. Same, from right anterior ray. 
. Same, from anterior ray. 


Same, from left anterior ray. 

Same, from left posterior ray. 

In these figures the remains of the brachial plates are seen 
lying upon the summit of the calyx in an apparently confused 
mass, but they are mostly in their proper relative positions, 
and can with reasonable certainty be restored. All figures 
x5. 

Diagrammatic view of calyx plates, with brachials arranged 
in natural order; the first brachial of the left posterior ray 
is missing, but is restored in dotted lines. The rays are num- 
bered from the right posterior toward the right, and for con- 
venience of comparison, these numbers, — as well as a series 
of numbers for the basals, — are carried into the accom- 
panying figures. 


. Diagram of calyx of Pisocrinus (after Bather). 
. Diagram of calyx of Haplocrinus (after Bather). 


(Explanation of lettering on figures: RA=radianal: Rs= 
super-radial ; Ri=infer-radial: PB=posterior basal: X= 
anal plate.) 


GEOLOGY, VOL. Il., PLATE LXXxXI. 


FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM. 


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